Journal
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
Volume 28, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3109584
Keywords
Photodetectors; avalanche photodiodes
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61927813, 11727812, 11621404, 11604209]
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [2019SHZDZX01]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFB0504400]
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In this study, a high-performance GHz-gated InGaAs/InP APD is developed to optimize photon detection efficiency (PDE) and timing jitter, improving the performance of LIDAR. The SPAD has little effect on PDE changes and has a short dead time, making it suitable for rapid mapping of targets. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, the SPAD achieves sub-centimeter depth resolution in a time-of-flight LIDAR system.
InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) attract increasing attention for the infrared light detection and ranging (LIDAR) due to the low-cost and compact-size construction. Although constant endeavor has been dedicated to improve the dead time and timing jitter, it remains challenging to implement high-speed and high-resolution LIDAR. Here, we develop a high-performance GHz-gated InGaAs/InP APD operated in the quasi-free-running mode, while its gating signal is unlocked from the light source. The used low-pass filtering technique enables us to continuously adjust the repetition frequency of the gate for carefully optimizing photon detection efficiency (PDE) and timing jitter. Increasing the gates' repetition frequency from 1 GHz to 2.75 GHz, the PDE improves dramatically from 2.02% to 3.30%, while the timing jitter drops from 156 ps to 114 ps. Furthermore, we verify that changes in the PDE have little effect on the timing characteristics, making the SPAD more suitable for LIDAR with large dynamic range. Meanwhile, the dead time is about 4 ns, which is much shorter than that of the SPAD working in the free-running mode, guaranteeing rapid mapping of targets. Finally, as a proof-of-principle demonstration, the InGaAs/InP SPAD is used in a time-of-flight LIDARsystem, which demonstrates a sub-centimeter depth resolution directly.
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