4.7 Article

Heterogeneous Integration of Doped Crystalline Zirconium Oxide for Photonic Applications

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2021.3129533

Keywords

Hybrid photonic platform nanophotonics; yttria-stabilized zirconia; nonlinear effects; optical amplification

Funding

  1. European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program ERC POPSTAR [647342]
  2. ANR FOIST Project

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The hybrid integration of new materials is crucial for the advancement of photonics, enabling the development of high-performance devices with innovative functions. This article reviews recent research on the hybrid integration of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), a crystalline oxide with a wide transparency range and moderate refractive index. The potential of YSZ in photonics is demonstrated through the development of low-loss waveguides and complex passive structures, as well as the implementation of Er3+ ions for outstanding luminescence in telecommunications.
Hybrid integration of new materials will play a key role in the next photonics revolution, unlocking the development of advanced devices with outstanding performances and innovative functionalities. Functional oxides, thanks to the richness of their physical properties are promising candidates to build active reconfigurable elements in complex circuits. We review in this article our recent work regarding the hybrid integration of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), a crystalline oxide with transparency from the visible to the mid-IR range with refractive index of about 2.15. YSZ is mostly studied for its high ionic conductivity, epitaxial growth on Si as buffer layer and its chemical stability but we demonstrated that it also holds a great potential in photonics for the development of low-lass waveguides (<2 dB/cm) and complex passive structures. Kerr refractive index of YSZ is in the same order of magnitude than well-known nonlinear materials such as silicon nitride. We explored the implementation of Er3+ ions as an active element providing outstanding luminescence in correspondence with C-band of telecommunications. The optical properties of active layers of Er-doped YSZ, grown on waveguides in different platforms and under resonant pumping and its propagation losses, modal gain and signal enhancement will be discussed in this paper.

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