Journal
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 227, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107120
Keywords
Biodiesel production; Feedstock; Catalysts; Biodiesel reactors; Emerging technologies; Conversion yields
Funding
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agricultural and Food Research Initiative Competitive Program
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Foundational and Applied Science Program [201967021-29942]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [IDA01573]
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Research in biodiesel production technologies is focused on improving efficiency through the use of various catalysts and feedstocks. Emerging technologies like enzyme catalysis, batch reactors, and continuous flow reactors show promise in achieving high conversion yields.
To move away from fossil fuels, biodiesel provides a sustainable alternative to addressing the socioeconomic and sustainable fuel problems. For biodiesel to be competitive, significant research has been focused on developing new and sustainable biodiesel production technologies to increase productivity. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the most recent developments in biodiesel production technologies was presented, including feedstocks, catalysts, reactors, and new processing technologies developed in recent years. The review showed that homogeneous and heterogeneous acid and base catalysts could achieve >90% conversion in biodiesel yield, while for enzymatic catalysts, it varied widely from around 70% to 99%, depending upon the feedstock type. Assisted by catalysts and alcohols, both batch and continuous flow reactors could achieve conversion yields by at least 89%. Also discussed were emerging technologies for biodiesel production, including plasma, microwave, and supercritical and ultrasonic radiation, along with the design process in membrane, microchannel, and reactive distillation reactors. Among the emerging technologies, the liquid-phase plasma discharge method was found to be most promising, reaching 99.5% yield in converting soybean oil to biodiesel in the shortest reaction time (seconds). In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these emerging technologies were also reviewed.
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