Journal
FEBS JOURNAL
Volume 289, Issue 18, Pages 5551-5570Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/febs.16454
Keywords
cancer cells; glycolytic oscillations; heterogeneity; spheroids
Categories
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [19H04205, 20K20631, 20K19919, 20H02712]
- MEXT Promotion of Distinctive Joint Research Center Program [JPMXP0620335886]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20H02712, 19H04205, 20K19919, 20K20631] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Studies have shown that highly malignant cancer cells exhibit glycolytic oscillations with higher frequencies compared to less malignant cells. Adjacent cells in spheroids oscillate with minimal frequency differences, but do not synchronize with each other.
Previous studies have unravelled glycolytic oscillations in cancer cells, such as HeLa cervical and DU145 prostate cancer cells, using a monolayer culture system. Here, we demonstrate glycolytic oscillations in HeLa cervical cancer cell spheroids. Experiments revealed that a small number of HeLa cells in spheroids exhibited heterogeneous oscillations with a higher frequency than those in monolayers. Model analyses and our previous experiments indicated that the higher frequencies of oscillations in spheroids were mostly due to the increase in glycolytic enzyme activity in the cells, and to the decrease in glucose concentration by diffusional transport of glucose from the surface to inside the spheroids, as well as the increase in cell density through spheroid formation. These results and our previous studies imply that more malignant cancer cells tend to exhibit glycolytic oscillations with higher frequencies than less malignant cells. Adjacent cells in spheroids oscillated within a 10% difference in frequency, but did not synchronize with each other. This suggests that weak cell-to-cell interactions might exist among HeLa cells connected with cadherins in the spheroid microenvironment; however, the interactions were not strong enough to induce synchronization of glycolytic oscillations.
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