An overview of the preclinical discovery and development of trastuzumab deruxtecan: a novel gastric cancer therapeutic

Introduction Gastric cancer is common worldwide, and while multiple therapeutic options exist, the prognosis remains poor. Tumors may overexpress HER2. While targeting HER2 with trastuzumab provides a survival benefit, options following progression are limited. Subsequent trials of HER2-targeted agents failed to improve outcomes. Recently, DESTINY-Gastric01 demonstrated a survival benefit utilizing the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab deruxtecan in gastric cancer patients that progressed on trastuzumab. Areas Covered /The authors give background to gastric cancer/HER2 and discuss prognostic implications of HER2 overexpression. They also describe initial trials of anti-HER2 therapy, resistance mechanisms, and ADC development/optimization. Finally, the authors review DESTINY-Gastric01 and provide future perspectives. Expert opinion While the 2010 ToGA trial demonstrated efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2 positive gastric cancer, subsequent trials of HER2-directed therapy have disappointed. Downregulation of HER2 after trastuzumab may play a role; however, trastuzumab deruxtecan maintains some efficacy in low-level HER2 expressing tumors. The DESTINY-Gastric01 cohort was from South Korea/Japan; authors have reported differences in gastric cancer risk factors/physiology between Eastern and Western populations. DESTINY-Gastric02 will evaluate trastuzumab deruxtecan in Western patients to confirm generalizability. Pulmonary side effects are notable;physicians must be cognizant of overlapping toxicities with combination therapy.

Automated summary

Gastric cancer is a common disease worldwide with poor prognosis. Overexpression of HER2 in tumors is associated with poor outcomes. Despite the efficacy of trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer, subsequent trials of HER2-targeted therapy have been disappointing. However, the antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan has shown survival benefits in gastric cancer patients who progressed on trastuzumab.