Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 922, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174906
Keywords
Statins; Pleiotropy; Myopathy; Diabetes; Drug interactions
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R24 DA018055, R01GM123508]
- Professional Staff Congress-City University of New York (PSC-CUNY) [TRADB-49-271]
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Statins are a widely used class of drugs for managing hypercholesterolemia and preventing secondary heart attacks. While they have pleiotropic effects, they also have adverse effects, especially when co-administered with other medications, herbal agents, and foods.
Statins are a class of drugs widely used worldwide to manage hypercholesterolemia and the prevention of sec-ondary heart attacks. Currently, available statins vary in terms of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Although the primary target of statins is the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, statins exhibit many pleiotropic effects downstream of the mevalonate pathway. These pleiotropic effects include the ability to reduce myocardial fibrosis, pathologic cardiac disease states, hypertension, promote bone differentiation, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects through multiple mechanisms. Although these pleiotropic effects of statins may be a cause for enthusiasm, there are many adverse effects that, for the most part, are unappreciated and need to be highlighted. These adverse effects include myopathy, new-onset type 2 diabetes, renal and hepatic dysfunction. Although these adverse effects may be relatively uncommon, considering the number of people worldwide who use statins daily, the actual number of people affected becomes quite large. Also, co-administration of statins with several other medications, herbal agents, and foods, which interact through common enzymatic pathways, can have untoward clinical conse-quences. In this review, we address these concerns.
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