4.5 Article

Neutralizing antibody responses 300 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection and induction of high antibody titers after vaccination

Journal

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 52, Issue 5, Pages 810-815

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149758

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2 . COVID-19 . Vaccines . antibody titers . waning immunity

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Funding

  1. Volkswagen Foundation [98 579]

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Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are found to be long-lasting and enhanced after vaccination in individuals who have recovered from COVID-19, providing clear benefits.
Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are important to protect against infection and/or disease. Using an assay to detect antibodies directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike, we identified individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection after an outbreak at a local health institution. All but one COVID-19 patient developed detectable anti-RBD antibodies and 77% had virus neutralizing antibody titers of >1:25. Antibody levels declined slightly over time. However, we still detected virus neutralizing antibody titers in 64% of the COVID-19 patients at >300 days after infection, demonstrating durability of neutralizing antibody levels after infection. Importantly, full COVID-19 vaccination of these individuals resulted in higher antibody titers compared to fully vaccinated individuals in the absence of prior infection. These data demonstrate long-lived antibody-mediated immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a clear benefit of two vaccine doses for recovered individuals.

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