Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 42, Pages 63017-63027Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20325-8
Keywords
Pesticides; Phoxim; Gut microbiota; Microbial community; Antibiotic resistance genes
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21976161, 22176176, 21777144]
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This study investigated the impact of phoxim on the aquatic microbial community and the intestinal microbiota of fish using shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results demonstrated that short-term exposure to phoxim significantly altered the structure and function of microbial communities and had a negative impact on freshwater ecosystems.
Phoxim is one of the main organophosphorus pesticides used in agricultural production. However, little information is known about how it affects the aquatic microbial community and the intestinal microbiota of fish. Herein, we utilized shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to reveal the aquatic eco-risk of phoxim. Seven days of phoxim exposure significantly changed the composition of aquatic microbial community, obliterated the interactions between microorganisms, and thus reduced the complexity and stability of the microbial community. During long-time exposure (i.e., 14 days), most of the ecological functions were restored due to the redundancy of the microbial community. However, phoxim exposure promoted the dissemination of elfamycin resistance gene. The zebrafish gut microbial community also recovered from a temporary ecological disorder of aquatic microbiota, but phoxim continually affected zebrafish growth and swimming behavior. Overall, our results demonstrated that phoxim exposure significantly changed the structure and function of the microbial community and displayed a negative impact on freshwater ecosystems in a short exposure time.
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