Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 29, Issue 49, Pages 75043-75056Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21092-2
Keywords
High-fat diet; Salvia officinalis; Flavonoids; Obesity; Oxidative stress
Categories
Funding
- Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha'il-Saudi Arabia [RG-20153]
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The effects of Hail Salvia officinalis total extract (SOTE) and its high flavonoid fraction (SOHFF) on obesity and hepatorenal damage in rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated in this study. The results showed that SOTE and SOHFF effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations through their antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
The present study evaluated the effects of Hail Salvia officinalis total extract (SOTE) and its high flavonoid fraction (SOHFF) on the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hepatorenal damage in rats. Salvia officinalis plants were collected from Hail region, Saudi Arabia. Rats were fed HFD and supplemented orally with SOTE (250 mg kg(-1)) or SOHFF (100 mg kg(-1)) or simvastatin (SVS; 10 mg kg(-1)) every day for 8 weeks. Compared to the controls, HFD-induced obesity led to significant increases in body weight, body weight gained, blood insulin, leptin, cardiac enzymes (LDH and CPK) activity, and atherogenic index (AI). HFD rats also showed higher levels of hepatic and renal function biomarkers (ALT, urea, and creatinine), as well as lower levels of PPAR gamma and Nrf2-gene expression and a disrupted lipid profile. Moreover, HFD rats had lower levels of hepatic and renal antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GPx, SOD, GR, and GSH), accompanied by higher levels of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)). In addition, histological examination of hepatic and renal tissues revealed histopathological changes that validated the biochemical findings. Compared to HFD group, SOTE and SOHFF treatment led to marked amelioration of all the aforementioned parameters. Collectively, supplementation with SOTE and SOHFF effectively reversed HFD-induced alterations through its antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, SOTE and SOHFF have therapeutic potential in controlling obesity and related pathologies.
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