Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 56, Issue 12, Pages 7522-7531Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06107
Keywords
Partial nitritation; Anammox; Mainstream; Sidestream; NOB suppression
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Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Laureate Fellowship [FL170100086]
- University of Queensland
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This study examines the progress of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression in both the sidestream and mainstream partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) processes over the past two decades. It highlights the challenges in achieving stable NOB suppression in mainstream treatment and suggests the potential of a hybrid process and combination of strategies for efficient mainstream PN/A.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was discovered as a new microbial reaction in the late 1990s, which led to the development of an innovative energy- and carbon-efficient technology-partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A)-for nitrogen removal. PN/A was first applied to remove the nitrogen from high-strength wastewaters, e.g., anaerobic digestion liquor (i.e., sidestream), and further expanded to the main line of wastewater treatment plants (i.e., mainstream). While sidestream PN/A has been well-established with extensive full-scale installations worldwide, practical application of PN/A in mainstream treatment has been proven extremely challenging to date. A key challenge is achieving stable suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study examines the progress of NOB suppression in both sidestream- and mainstream PN/A over the past two decades. The successful NOB suppression in sidestream PN/A was reviewed, and these successes were evaluated in terms of their transferability into mainstream PN/A. Drawing on the learning over the past decades, we anticipate that a hybrid process, comprised of biofilm and floccular sludge, bears great potential to achieve efficient mainstream PN/A, while a combination of strategies is entailed for stable NOB suppression. Furthermore, the recent discovery of novel nitrifiers would trigger new opportunities and new challenges for mainstream PN/A.
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