Intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance in the African rainforest

Analysis of forest disturbance patterns in relation to precipitation seasonality is important for understanding African tropical forest dynamics under changing climate conditions and different levels of human activities. Newly available radar-based forest disturbance information now enables an investigation of the intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance in a spatially and temporally explicit manner, especially in the tropics, where frequent cloud cover hinders the use of optical-based remote sensing products. In this study, we applied cross-correlation on monthly precipitation and forest disturbance time series for 2019 and 2020 at a 0.5 degrees grid in the African rainforest. We used the magnitude of the correlation and time lag to assess the intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance, and introduced accessibility proxies to analyse the spatial variation of the relationship. Results revealed that a significant negative correlation between forest disturbance and precipitation dominates the study region. We found that significant negative correlations appear on average closer to settlements with overall smaller variations in travel time to settlements compared to grid cells with non-significant and significant positive correlation. The magnitude of the negative correlation increases as the travel time to settlements increases, implying that forest disturbances in less accessible areas are more affected by precipitation seasonality and that in particular human-induced disturbance activities are predominantly carried out in the drier months. Few areas showed a significant positive correlation, mainly resulting from natural causes such as flooding. These new insights in the interaction between forest disturbance, precipitation and accessibility provide a step forward in understanding the complex interactions that underlie the complexity of forest loss patterns that we can increasingly capture with Earth Observation approaches. As such, they can support forest conservation and management in coping with climate change induced changes of precipitation patterns in African rainforest countries.

Automated summary

The analysis of forest disturbance patterns in relation to precipitation seasonality is crucial for understanding the dynamics of African tropical forests under changing climate conditions and human activities. This study utilizes radar-based forest disturbance information to investigate the intra-annual relationship between precipitation and forest disturbance in a spatially and temporally explicit manner, especially in cloud-covered tropical regions. The results reveal a significant negative correlation between forest disturbance and precipitation, with areas closer to settlements showing a stronger correlation. These findings provide insights into the complex interactions underlying forest loss patterns and can support forest conservation and management in African rainforest countries in the face of climate change-induced precipitation pattern changes.