Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 204, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112058
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; Passive samplers; Wastewater surveillance; COVID-19; RT-qPCR; wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE)
Funding
- National Science and Engineering Council of Canada [401655]
- Canada Research Chairs Program [950-232787]
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Three field experiments were conducted in Ontario, Canada to study wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 using passive samplers. Membrane filters were found to linearly accumulate the virus up to 48 hours, making them a cost-effective option for detecting virus levels in wastewater for up to two days.
In search of practical and affordable tools for wastewater-based surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three independent field experiments were conducted using three passive sampler sorbents (electronegative membrane, cotton bud, and gauze) in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Total daily cases during this study ranged from 2 to 17/100,000 people and 43/54 traditionally collected wastewater samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 with mean detectable concentrations ranging from 8.4 to 1780 copies/ml. Viral levels on the passive samplers were assessed after 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs of deployment in the wastewater and 43/54 membrane, 42/54 gauze, and 27/54 cotton bud samples were positive. A linear accumulation rate of SARS-CoV-2 on the membranes was observed up to 48 hours, suggesting the passive sampler could adequately reflect wastewater levels for up to two days of deployment. Due the variability in accumulation observed for the cotton buds and gauzes, and the pre-processing steps required for the gauzes, we recommend membrane filters as a simple cost-effective option for wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
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