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Anaerobic digestion and recycling of kitchen waste: a review

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
Volume 20, Issue 3, Pages 1745-1762

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01408-x

Keywords

Kitchen waste; Anaerobic digestion; Component characteristics; Full quantitative utilization; Regulatory strategies

Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD1100502-01]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [52070130]

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Around 1.6 billion tons of food are wasted annually, highlighting the need for advanced methods to recycle food waste into energy and materials. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste offers a solution by efficiently recovering energy and minimizing carbon emissions. However, factors such as dietary habits and seasonal diet variations can affect digestion stability and biogas production. The recycling of digestate is also a challenge that can be addressed by improving anaerobic digestion reactors.
About 1.6 billion tons of food are wasted worldwide annually, calling for advanced methods to recycle food waste into energy and materials. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste allows the efficient recovery of energy, and induces low-carbon emissions. Nonetheless, digestion stability and biogas production are variables, due to dietary habits and seasonal diet variations that modify the components of kitchen waste. Another challenge is the recycling of the digestate, which could be partly solved by more efficient reactors of anaerobic digestion. Here, we review the bottlenecks of anaerobic digestion treatment of kitchen waste, with focus on components inhibition, and energy recovery from biogas slurry and residue. We provide rules for the optimal treatment of the organic fraction of kitchen waste, and guidelines to upgrade the anaerobic digestion processes. We propose a strategy using an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor to improve anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, and a model for the complete transformation and recycling of kitchen waste, based on component properties.

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