Information Dark Energy Can Resolve the Hubble Tension and Is Falsifiable by Experiment

We consider the role information energy can play as a source of dark energy. Firstly, we note that if stars and structure had not formed in the universe, elemental bits of information describing the attributes of particles would have exhibited properties similar to the cosmological constant. The Landauer equivalent energy of such elemental bits would be defined in form and value identical to the characteristic energy of the cosmological constant. However, with the formation of stars and structure, stellar heated gas and dust now provide the dominant contribution to information energy with the characteristics of a dynamic, transitional, dark energy. At low redshift, z < similar to 1.35, this dark energy emulates the cosmological constant with a near-constant energy density, w = -1.03 +/- 0.05, and an energy total similar to the mc(2) of the universe's similar to 10(53) kg of baryons. At earlier times, z > similar to 1.35, information energy was phantom, differing from the cosmological constant, Lambda, with a CPL parameter difference of Delta w(o) = -0.03 +/- 0.05 and Delta w(a) = -0.79 +/- 0.08, values sufficient to account for the H-0 tension. Information dark energy agrees with most phenomena as well as Lambda, while exhibiting characteristics that resolve many tensions and problems of ACDM: the cosmological constant problem; the cosmological coincidence problem; the H-0 tension, and the sigma(8) tension. As this proposed dark energy source is not usually considered, we identify the expected signature in H(a) that will enable the role of information dark energy to be falsified by experimental observation.

Automated summary

This article explores the role of information energy as a source of dark energy. The formation of stars and structure in the universe leads to the emergence of dynamic and transitional dark energy, primarily contributed by heated gas and dust from stars. This information dark energy exhibits characteristics that can resolve various tensions and problems in cosmology, and it can be potentially falsified through experimental observation.