Hemoglobin glycation index predicts renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes and a low risk of chronic kidney disease

Aims: Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is used to describe the difference between estimated and measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)). We aimed to study whether HGI can predict renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes and a low risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 780 patients with type 2 diabetes and a low CKD risk according to the criteria of kidney disease: improving global outcomes. Participants were divided into two subgroups according to the baseline HGI calculated by fasting blood glucose and HbA(1c). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the hazard ratios of the study endpoints. Longitudinal data was analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: The participants were followed for a median of 7.3 years. A high HGI predicted rapid renal function decline without or with a resultant eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), but not onset of macroalbuminuria. The longitudinal GEE model demonstrated a negative association between HGI and the predicted eGFR changes in both the 1-year and 3-year intervals. Conclusions: HGI independently predicted renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes and a low CKD risk. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate its potential clinical impact.

Automated summary

This study found that the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) can predict renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes and a low risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This finding is important for early detection and intervention of kidney function problems in clinical practice.