Journal
DEVELOPMENT
Volume 149, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.200425
Keywords
Microglia; Brain development; Heterogeneity; Neurons; Synapse; Oligodendrocytes
Categories
Funding
- National Cancer Institute [CA09302]
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-21-1-0846]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [PP-1907-34759]
- Weintz Family COVID-19 Research Fund
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University
- NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation [2997]
- Klaus Tschira Stiftung Boost Fund [KT-10]
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Junior Fellowship
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Research Innovation Fund
- Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Freiburg (Helmut Holzer Prize)
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [EXC 1086]
- Ministry of Economics, Science and Arts of Baden-Wurttemberg
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Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system, have been found to play significant roles in brain development and tissue repair. In addition to their function as immune cells, microglia also modulate the development and functions of neurons and glial cells through interactions.
It has recently emerged that microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system, play significant noninnate immune roles to support the development, maintenance, homeostasis and repair of the brain. Apart from being highly specialized brain phagocytes, microglia modulate the development and functions of neurons and glial cells through both direct and indirect interactions. Thus, recognizing the elements that influence the homeostasis and heterogeneity of microglia in normal brain development is crucial to understanding the mechanisms that lead to early disease pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the physiological development of microglia and summarize our knowledge of their non-innate immune functions in brain development and tissue repair.
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