Journal
DESALINATION
Volume 531, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2022.115709
Keywords
Na+; Adsorptive fouling; Electric charge; Organic fouling; PVDF
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51738012, 51878555, 52170053]
- Doctoral Dissertation Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Technology [310-252072109]
- Water Saving and Reuse Innovation Team
- Educa- tional Department of the Shaanxi Provincial Government under the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities
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This study compared the adsorption behaviors of typical organics and the fouling effect on a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane surface under different Na+ concentrations, and investigated the impact of structural variation on these behaviors. The results indicate that the impact of Na+ on organics depends on their charge and structure. Different organics exhibited different changes in interaction force and relative irreversibility with the membrane at different Na+ concentrations.
Adsorption behaviors of typical organics and the impact of structural variation on the fouling effect on a poly-vinylidene fluoride membrane surface under various Na+ concentrations were compared. The results suggest that the impact of Na+ on the organics is based on their charge and structure. For the long-chain molecule sodium alginate, adding Na+ leads to an initial decrease but a subsequent regaining of the interaction force with the membrane, reflected by an inflection of relative irreversibility at a Na+ concentration of 10 mM. The lower charged Glucan presented such alterations at a higher Na+ concentration of 100 mM. As for the substances with more compact and plate-shaped structures such as humic acid and fulvic acid, the force fluctuated with the Na+ concentration, and the inflection of the relative irreversibility appeared at higher Na+ concentrations along the decreasing charge. Combined with the record on the size change in these organics, relevant mechanisms regarding the variation in fouling behavior were further analyzed. For polysaccharides, Na+ plays a role in changing the internal structure of the molecules. For relatively smaller organics, the effect of charge shielding plays a predominant role. For bovine serum albumin, the effect of Na+ concentration was nonsignificant.
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