4.4 Review

Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cannabinoids in COVID-19 Patients

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD)

Jiangling Peng et al.

Summary: CBD, an abundant non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis extracts, has multiple therapeutic effects and potential applications in human diseases such as neuroprotection, antiepileptic, and anxiolytic properties. This narrative review summarizes the applications of CBD in human diseases from mechanism of action to clinical trials.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2022)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

A review of natural products, their effects on SARS-CoV-2 and their utility as lead compounds in the discovery of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19

Robert L. Chapman et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in nearly 247 million cases and over 5 million deaths worldwide as of November 2021. Natural constituents found in traditional herbal medicines and foods have shown activity against SARS-CoV-2 by affecting inflammation, cell signaling pathways, and viral targets. Further research is needed to explore their potential in the treatment of COVID-19 through rational drug design and clinical trials.

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2022)

Review Clinical Neurology

Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maria Epifania V. Collantes et al.

Summary: The review on neurological manifestations and complications in COVID-19 revealed that symptoms like headache, dizziness, and myalgia were common, while vascular disorders were the most frequent neurological complication. Most patients with neurological complications survived, highlighting the multi-organ nature of the disease previously thought to be respiratory.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

Article Virology

Encephalitic syndrome and anosmia in COVID-19: Do these clinical presentations really reflect SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism? A theory based on the review of 25 COVID-19 cases

Lydia Pouga

Summary: The pathology of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has shown various neurological manifestations, including encephalitis and anosmia. Evidence suggests possible neuroinvasiveness of the virus, with some cases showing presence within the central nervous system. It can be challenging to differentiate neurological symptoms induced by infection from those caused by the host immune response.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

A systematic review of neurological symptoms and complications of COVID-19

Xiangliang Chen et al.

Summary: The study aims to examine the frequency of neurological symptoms and complications in COVID-19 patients through a systematic review of literature. The most commonly described neurological symptoms include headache, dizziness, taste and smell dysfunctions, and impaired consciousness. Cerebrovascular events, seizures, meningoencephalitis, and immune-mediated neurological diseases have been reported in smaller studies or single cases, but are not suitable for quantitative analysis.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Current Scenario and Future Prospect in the Management of COVID-19

Pobitra Borah et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is causing havoc worldwide due to various factors, and drug development processes are facing obstacles and challenges in clinical trials. Various treatment measures are being developed rapidly to combat the pandemic and meet the demands of the current situation.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Virology

Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the breakdown of the respiratory center of the brain

Jhilik Dey et al.

Summary: Due to the highly pathogenic nature of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, it can affect the brain through various pathways, particularly through infection of the respiratory center leading to respiratory failure. Screening for neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients may help better understand the disease.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Assessment of antiviral potencies of cannabinoids against SARS-CoV-2 using computational and in vitro approaches

Vinit Raj et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the antiviral activity of cannabinoids (CBDs) against SARS-CoV-2 and found that two CBDs molecules, cannabidiol and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, may be more potent antiviral molecules against the virus compared to some reference drugs. They could be potential options for treating COVID-19 patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

Article Immunology

Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain

Eric Song et al.

Summary: The study showed through three approaches that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting brain neurons, leading to metabolic changes and pathological features without triggering type I interferon responses. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2 and the unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by the virus.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19

Jenny Meinhardt et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting the virus may enter the CNS through the olfactory mucosa. The virus utilizes the neural-mucosal interface in the olfactory mucosa to penetrate the nervous system, affecting various neuroanatomical areas, including the primary respiratory and cardiovascular control center.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Editorial Material Clinical Neurology

Neurological infection with SARS-CoV-2-the story so far

Tom Solomon

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2021)

Review Neurosciences

Cannabidiol: pharmacology and therapeutic targets

Stevie C. Britch et al.

Summary: CBD products are commonly used for self-treatment without regulatory approval, with limited scientific evidence from clinical trials. Epidiolex is the only rigorously evaluated product approved for intractable childhood-onset seizures, while studies on CBD for other medical conditions are limited in number and often lack scientific rigor.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cannabis compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in COVID-19-related inflammation in lung epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory activity in macrophages

Seegehalli M. Anil et al.

Summary: Cannabis extract shows anti-inflammatory activity by reducing immune response markers associated with COVID-19 inflammation. It induces polarization and phagocytosis of macrophages, while also reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additional caution is needed when considering cannabis as a treatment for COVID-19.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Opportunities, Challenges and Pitfalls of Using Cannabidiol as an Adjuvant Drug in COVID-19

Barbara Malinowska et al.

Summary: CBD has shown promise as a potential treatment for COVID-19, with advantages such as reducing viral entry, inhibiting viral replication, and protecting multiple organs; however, further research is needed to explore its side effects, drug interactions, and optimal route of administration.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-Cov-2 spike (S) protein-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPARγ-dependent TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling suppression in Caco-2 cell line

Chiara Corpetti et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the efficacy of CBD in preventing epithelial damage and hyperinflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in Caco-2 cells in vitro, by reducing the release of various proinflammatory mediators and regulating the expression of multiple proteins in cells.

PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted

Pobitra Borah et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to various neurological complications, including direct CNS infection, virus-induced hyper-inflammatory states, and peripheral nervous system injuries. The associated neuropsychiatric adverse events of COVID-19 treatments are a critical concern, as potential therapies may induce neurologic as well as psychiatric disorders, further complicating the condition.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Brainstem neuropathology in two cases of COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 trafficking between brain and lung

Gaetano Bulfamante et al.

Summary: The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may spread through the nervous system to reach the brainstem respiratory centers, causing damage. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the brainstem, cranial nerves, and vagus nerve supports the idea of neurogenic involvement in COVID-19 respiratory failure.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

Article Biology

In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Terpenes and Cannabidiol against Human Coronavirus E229

Lior Chatow et al.

Summary: The study evaluated a new formulation, code-named NT-VRL-1, for antiviral activity against Human Coronavirus (HCoV) strain 229E, and found that the combination with CBD exhibited a more potent effect compared to other drugs. This is the first report of the activity of this combination against coronaviruses.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Action of the Endocannabinoid System under Neuroinflammation

Ludmila A. Kasatkina et al.

Summary: Endocannabinoids are lipid-based retrograde messengers that play crucial roles in brain development, memory formation, mood regulation, and immune cell communication. They interact with cannabinoid receptors to mediate anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective activities, highlighting their therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation and synaptopathy treatment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Plus Standard Care vs Standard Care Alone for the Treatment of Emotional Exhaustion and Burnout Among Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jose Alexandre S. Crippa et al.

Summary: CBD therapy reduced burnout and emotional exhaustion symptoms among frontline health care professionals working with COVID-19 patients. However, potential undesired or adverse effects of CBD therapy need to be carefully balanced. Future double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Review Neurosciences

Putative mechanism of neurological damage in COVID-19 infection

Cindy Bandala et al.

Summary: The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected many countries and could potentially infect a significant portion of the world population. The virus enters cells through the ACE2 receptor and can cause respiratory and neurological symptoms, with potential long-term consequences for patients.

ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Acute and Post-Acute Neurological Complications of COVID-19

Ali Al-Ramadan et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency with symptoms ranging from fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Neurological symptoms, such as headache, altered mental status, anosmia, and myalgia, are commonly seen in COVID-19 patients.

NEUROLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Clinical Neurology

Neuroprotection Following Concussion: The Potential Role for Cannabidiol

Jyotpal Singh et al.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

Letter Clinical Neurology

The 2019 novel cornoavirus pneumonia with onset of oculomotor nerve palsy: a case study

Heng Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Cannabinoids and the expanded endocannabinoid system in neurological disorders

Luigia Cristino et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa

Hao Xu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE (2020)

Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms

Abdul Mannan Baig et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

Letter Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid by PCR in a Case of COVID-19 Encephalitis

Y. Hanna Huang et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Review of SARS-CoV-2 and the Ongoing Clinical Trials

Yung-Fang Tu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Integrative & Complementary Medicine

Cannabis in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Yin and Yang of the Endocannabinoid System in Immunocompetence

Michelle Sexton

JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Virology

Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

Article Immunology

Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19

Qiong Zhou et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2

Kristian G. Andersen et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review article

Hamid Reza Niazkar et al.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

Review Immunology

COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review

Koichi Yuki et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The potential of cannabidiol in theCOVID-19pandemic

Giuseppe Esposito et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Glial cells in Parkinson′s disease: protective or deleterious?

Ana V. Domingues et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biology

Neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Shumayila Khan et al.

ELIFE (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study

Yanan Li et al.

STROKE AND VASCULAR NEUROLOGY (2020)

Letter Clinical Neurology

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms

Bernhard Neumann et al.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Outbreak of COVID-19: An emerging global pandemic threat

Minhua Peng

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2020)

Letter Anesthesiology

First ultrastructural autoptic findings of SARS-Cov-2 in olfactory pathways and brainstem

Gaetano Bulfamante et al.

MINERVA ANESTESIOLOGICA (2020)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Infection and Neurological Complications: Present Findings and Future Predictions

Ettore Beghi et al.

NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Unraveling the Possible Routes of SARS-COV-2 Invasion into the Central Nervous System

Maria Lima et al.

CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

Letter Otorhinolaryngology

Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome?

Simon B. Gane et al.

RHINOLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cannabidiol Ameliorates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats

Olga Sadowska et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease

Aleksandra Kicman et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Cell Biology

Cannabidiol (CBD) modulation of apelin in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Evila Lopes Salles et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

The Essential Medicinal Chemistry of Cannabidiol (CBD)

Kathryn M. Nelson et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Combating the Pandemic COVID-19: Clinical Trials, Therapies and Perspectives

Sabna Kotta et al.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol differentially regulates basal and LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, lung epithelial cells, and fibroblasts

Thivanka Muthumalage et al.

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Crystal Structure of the Human Cannabinoid Receptor CB2

Xiaoting Li et al.

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Cannabidiol reduces airway inflammation and fibrosis in experimental allergic asthma

Francieli Vuolo et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Endocannabinoid system, stress and HPA axis

Vincenzo Micale et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System

Shenglong Zou et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Within the Brain: The Renin Angiotensin System

LaDonya Jackson et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Review Neurosciences

Microglia in Neurological Diseases: A Road Map to Brain-Disease Dependent-Inflammatory Response

Sara Bachiller et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

Review Neurosciences

Neurologic Alterations Due to Respiratory Virus Infections

Karen Bohmwald et al.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

Shane A. Liddelow et al.

NATURE (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Crystal structures of agonist-bound human cannabinoid receptor CB1

Tian Hua et al.

NATURE (2017)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Immunoregulatory Role of Cannabinoids during Infectious Disease

Rosalia Hernandez-Cervantes et al.

NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION (2017)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Allodynia Lowering Induced by Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids (ALICE)

Livio Luongo et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2017)

Review Cell Biology

Apoptosis and Necroptosis as Host Defense Strategies to Prevent Viral Infection

Megan H. Orzalli et al.

TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand profiling reveals biased signalling and off-target activity

Marjolein Soethoudt et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Potential of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Viral Hepatitis

Henry I. C. Lowe et al.

PHARMACOGNOSY RESEARCH (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Activation of PPARγ inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines production by upregulation of miR-1.24 in vitro and in vivo

Dan Wang et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Virology

Effects of cannabinoids and their receptors on viral infections

Alireza Tahamtan et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2016)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An update on PPAR activation by cannabinoids

Saoirse Elizabeth O'Sullivan

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2016)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The CB2 receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation

Caroline Turcotte et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2016)

Article Oncology

Dual and Specific Inhibition of NAMPT and PAK4 By KPT-9274 Decreases Kidney Cancer Growth

Omran Abu Aboud et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS (2016)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Microglia activation states and cannabinoid system: Therapeutic implications

M. Mecha et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2016)

Review Immunology

Astrocytes: Key Regulators of Neuroinflammation

Emanuela Colombo et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Activation of murine microglial N9 cells is attenuated through cannabinoid receptor CB2 signaling

Lei Ma et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hypothalamic POMC neurons promote cannabinoid-induced feeding

Marco Koch et al.

NATURE (2015)

Review Neurosciences

Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain

Vincenzo Di Marzo et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2015)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC

Mauro Maccarrone et al.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2015)

Article Neurosciences

Endocannabinoids and neuropathic pain: focus on neuron-glia and endocannabinoid-neurotrophin interactions

Livio Luongo et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2014)

Article Cell Biology

Validating Antibodies to the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor: Antibody Sensitivity Is Not Evidence of Antibody Specificity

Yannick Marchalant et al.

JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY (2014)

Review Neurosciences

Cannabinoid Receptor 2: Potential Role in Immunomodulation and Neuroinflammation

Slava Rom et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY (2013)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

PPARγ signaling and metabolism: the good, the bad and the future

Maryam Ahmadian et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2013)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The effects of cannabidiol on the antigen-induced contraction of airways smooth muscle in the guinea-pig

A. Dudasova et al.

PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2013)

Article Neurosciences

CB1 Agonist ACEA Protects Neurons and Reduces the Cognitive Impairment of AβPP/PS1 Mice

Ester Aso et al.

JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Promote Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation via mTORC1 Signaling

Javier Palazuelos et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2012)

Article Neurosciences

Mitochondrial CB1 receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism

Giovanni Benard et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2012)

Review Neurosciences

Endocannabinoid Signaling and Synaptic Function

Pablo E. Castillo et al.

NEURON (2012)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Disease-Related Changes in TRPV1 Expression and Its Implications for Drug Development

Louis S. Premkumar et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

Article Neurosciences

Worsening of Huntington disease phenotype in CB1 receptor knockout mice

Stephane Mievis et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2011)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases

Sandeep Tyagi et al.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Receptors and Channels Targeted by Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists and Antagonists

R. G. Pertwee

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2010)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of neuronal damage

Javier Fernandez-Ruiz et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2010)

Review Immunology

Cannabinoid-induced apoptosis in immune cells as a pathway to immunosuppression

Sadiye Amcaoglu Rieder et al.

IMMUNOBIOLOGY (2010)

Article Immunology

Cannabinoids and the immune system: An overview

Radu Tanasescu et al.

IMMUNOBIOLOGY (2010)

Article Clinical Neurology

Dynamic Changes of Anandamide in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson's Disease Patients

Valerio Pisani et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2010)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Cannabinoids and Viral Infections

Carol Shoshkes Reiss

PHARMACEUTICALS (2010)

Article Clinical Neurology

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonists Promote Differentiation and Antioxidant Defenses of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells

Antonietta Bernardo et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY (2009)

Review Neurosciences

Does neuroinflammation fan the flame in neurodegenerative diseases?

Tamy C. Frank-Cannon et al.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2009)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Targeting the endocannabinoid system: to enhance or reduce?

Vincenzo Di Marzo

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2008)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A comprehensive profile of brain enzymes that hydrolyze the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol

Jacqueline L. Blankman et al.

CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY (2007)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Endocannabinoids and neurodegenerative diseases

Vincenzo Micale et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Endocannabinoids and β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo:: effect of pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels

M. van der Stelt et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice

Lynsey G. Bilsland et al.

FASEB JOURNAL (2006)

Review Neurosciences

Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in drug addiction

R Maldonado et al.

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES (2006)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Molecular mechanisms of cannabinoid protection from neuronal excitotoxicity

SH Kim et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY (2006)

Review Microbiology

Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system: host-virus stand-off

CC Bergmann et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2006)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Cannabinoid signalling

DG Demuth et al.

LIFE SCIENCES (2006)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors

MD Van Sickle et al.

SCIENCE (2005)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors

EB Russo et al.

NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2005)

Article Immunology

Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) suppresses microglial activation

Jared Ehrhart et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2005)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Amnesia induced by β-amyloid fragments is counteracted by cannabinoid CB1 receptor blockade

C Mazzola et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2003)

Article Neurosciences

Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration

L Walter et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2003)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

CB1 cannabinoid receptor signalling in Parkinson's disease

JM Brotchie

CURRENT OPINION IN PHARMACOLOGY (2003)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors

AC Howlett et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2002)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oxygenation of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonylglycerol, to glyceryl prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2

KR Kozak et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2000)