Journal
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 20, Issue 10, Pages 1850-1864Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220411081728
Keywords
Lithium; seizures; epilepsy; lithium-pilocarpine model; inflammation; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta)
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Lithium is a well-known medication for bipolar and mood disorders, and recent studies have shown its neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects in various neurological diseases. However, the exact mechanisms of its actions, especially in epilepsy treatment, are still unknown.
Lithium is a well-known FDA-approved treatment for bipolar and mood disorders. Lithium has been an enigmatic drug with multifaceted actions involving various neurotransmitters and intricate cell signalling cascades. Recent studies highlight the neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions of lithium in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, intracerebral hemorrhage, and epilepsy. Of note, lithium holds a significant interest in epilepsy, where the past reports expose its non-specific proconvulsant action, followed lately by numerous studies for anti-convulsant action. However, the exact mechanism of action of lithium for any of its effects is still largely unknown. The present review integrates findings from several reports and provides detailed possible mechanisms of how a single molecule exhibits marked pro-epileptogenic as well as anti-convulsant action. This review also provides clarity regarding the safety of lithium therapy in epileptic patients.
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