Microbe-oriented nanoparticles as phytomedicines for plant health management: An emerging paradigm to achieve global food security

Biotic and abiotic environmental stresses affect the production and quality of agricultural products worldwide. The extensive use of traditional preventive measures comprising toxic chemicals has become more problematic due to severe ecotoxicological challenges. To address this issue, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with their distinct physical and chemical properties has gained scientific attention and can help plants to confront environmental challenges. Despite their ameliorative and beneficial effects, toxicological concerns have been raised about NPs. The recent development of biogenic NPs (bio-NPs) is getting attention in agriculture due to their diverse biocompatibility, better functional efficacy, and eco-friendly nature compared to the recalcitrant NPs, providing a promising strategy for increased crop protection against biotic and abiotic environmental stresses, with the ultimate goal of ensuring global food security. This review summarizes the recent advances in the engineering of bio-NPs with particular emphasis on the functions of bio-NPs in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic environmental stresses, delivery and entry routes of NPs to plant systems, nanotoxicity, and plant physiological/biochemical responses to nanotoxicity. Future perspectives of bio-NP-enabled strategies, remaining pitfalls, and possible solutions to combat environmental challenges via advanced nanotechnology to achieve global food security and a sustainable agricultural system are also discussed.

Automated summary

Biotic and abiotic stresses impact agricultural production and quality globally. Traditional preventive measures with toxic chemicals are problematic due to ecotoxicological challenges. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining attention as they possess unique physical and chemical properties that can help plants combat environmental stresses. However, concerns about NP toxicity have arisen. Biogenic NPs (bio-NPs) have garnered interest in agriculture due to their diverse biocompatibility, better efficacy, and eco-friendly nature compared to recalcitrant NPs. They provide a promising strategy for increased crop protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, ultimately ensuring global food security.