Journal
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
Volume 234, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109697
Keywords
Flame retardancy; Vinyl ester resin; Glass fiber reinforced composite; DOPO
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51903132, 51991354, 51991350]
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By synthesizing a liquid 1-vinylimidazole salt containing DOPO (VIDOP), it can be used as a flame-retardant crosslinking agent. The modified resin and composite with added VIDOP showed improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
Aiming for obtaining flame-retardant vinyl ester resins (VER) and the composite, a kind of liquid 9,10-dihydro-9oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO)-containing 1-vinylimidazole salt (called VIDOP) was conveniently synthesized through the neutralization of the DOPO-derived acid and 1-vinylimidazole to be applied as flame-retardant crosslinking agents of VER. Curing behaviors, flame retardancy, thermal decomposition behaviors, thermal-mechanical properties, and mechanical performance of VER materials were investigated. With 25 wt% addition of VIDOP, the modified resin (VIDOP25/VER) and their glass fiber reinforced composites (VIDOP25/VER/GF) achieved UL 94 V-0 rating with a limiting oxygen index value of 32.1% and 38.3%, respectively. Both heat release and smoke release of VIDOP25/VER and VIDOP25/VER/GF decreased compared to those of the reference sample in the cone calorimetry test. VIDOP showed flame-retardant activities in both gaseous and condensed phases for the resin, while they didn't work well in the condensed phase for the composite. VIDOP/VER presented a little lower a glass transition temperature than VER with a relatively low crosslinking density, in which 1-vinylimidazoles covalently linked with the VER chain and the DOPO-derived group attached to the resin via ionic bonds. VIDOP/VER and the composite had better mechanical properties than the unmodified sample and outperform other systems in well-balanced performance.
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