Processing of polymer matrix composites using microwave energy: A review

Search for novel energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and time-saving manufacturing techniques has gained momentum in the recent times. Polymer composites have been increasingly adapted for variety of industrial applications, however, their efficient processing remains challenging. Microwave curing technique has been employed to process thermoset-based composites since 1980, however, processing of thermoplastic-based composites with natural-fibers as reinforcement, calls for additional data and hence investigations. The current work presents an overview of the basics of microwave heating and the physics behind the microwave processing of polymer composites. A state-of-the-art on microwave processing of thermoset and thermoplastic-based composites and developments in microwave joining has been reviewed. The major constraints in adopting microwave technology for curing composites at the industry scale are highlighted. The article also highlights the challenges during microwave processing of sustainable thermoplastic-based polymer composites. Future scope of work to 3D print the polymer matrix composite parts, through microwave scanning route has been indicated.

Automated summary

The search for novel energy-efficient, eco-friendly, and time-saving manufacturing techniques is gaining momentum recently. Polymer composites have been increasingly used in various industrial applications, but their efficient processing remains challenging. This article provides an overview of the basics of microwave heating and the physics behind the microwave processing of polymer composites, reviews the state-of-the-art on microwave processing of thermoset and thermoplastic-based composites, and highlights the challenges and constraints in adopting microwave technology for curing composites at an industrial scale. The article also indicates the future scope of work involving microwave scanning route for 3D printing of polymer matrix composite parts.