Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 267, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111184
Keywords
Amphibians; Corticosterone; Ecoimmunology; Inflammation; Phagocytosis
Categories
Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2014/16320-7, 2019/24950-4, 2016/01782-0, 2015/23801-4]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) [88887.473369/2020-00]
- Brazilian CNPq [302308/2016-4]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The immune response in R. icterica toads following LPS injection was characterized by increased PP, NLR, and IL-1 beta mRNA expression, along with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis. The timing of the injection affected the endocrine and immune mediators, with higher CORT levels and lower inflammatory response observed during the night.
The immune-endocrine interactions following an immune challenge have been demonstrated in amphibians. When considering immune challenges, the immune-endocrine implications can vary with the injection time (day or night), a pattern not explored in amphibians. We investigated the immune response following a lipopolysaccharide -LPS injection, measured as plasma bacterial killing ability -BKA, phagocytosis of blood cells -PP, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio -NLR, splenic proinflammatory cytokines mRNA (IL-1 beta and IL-6), and also endocrine mediators (corticosterone -CORT and melatonin -MEL plasma levels) in Rhinella icterica adult male toads injected at day (10 am) or night (10 pm). LPS induced increases in CORT, NLR, PP, and IL-1 beta mRNA compared with amphibian phosphate-buffer saline-injected individuals. For plasma CORT, the response was more pronounced during the night. While for the PP and IL-1 beta mRNA, the effect was more evident during the day. For NLR, the increase happened at both times, day and night, in the LPS-injected toads. Meanwhile, no changes were observed in BKA, IL-6 mRNA, and MEL levels. Overall, our results demonstrated an LPS-induced inflammatory response in R. icterica toads, characterized by higher PP, NLR, and IL-1 beta mRNA, followed by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis (higher CORT levels). The time in which the toads received the LPS injection affected the endocrine and immune mediators. The higher CORT and lower inflammatory response at night suggested a potential functional interaction between CORT and immune reactivity associated with the differences in night vs. day in R. icterica toads. These results highlight the relevance of investigating different injection times and mechanistic pathways to understand LPS-induced immunomodulation in anurans.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available