Surface evolution and dynamics of the Kangriz glacier, western Himalaya in past 50 years

Glacier specific studies, in a relatively unexplored terrain of Ladakh, hold immense importance to comprehend not only the glacier response but also its synchronicity with the general regional trend. Accordingly, in this study, the Kangriz glacier in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya, has been taken up for multiparametric (area, terminal retreat, debriscover, snow line altitude, surface dynamics) assessment for the period 1971-2018. Results reveal an overall shrinkage of 3.3 +/- 1.6%, with an expansion in the supraglacial debris cover by 45% (1971-2018). Concomitantly, the glacier surface velocity has reduced by 10.85 +/- 5.68 ma(-1) (35%), from 31.2 +/- 5.8 ma(-1) (1993/94) to 20.3 +/- 1.7 ma(-1) (2017/18), with mass wastage of-0.52 +/- 0.19 m w.e.a(-1) during 2000-17. The notable glacier degeneration is synchronous with regional warming (T(max )increase by 7%, T(min )increase by 43%, T(avg )increase by 64%) and a decrease in precipitation by 3% (significant at alpha < 0.05). Besides, frontal dynamics have changed recently, with an enhanced intensity of terminal retreat (2016-2018: 57 & PLUSMN; 13 (Stdev) ma(-1)). The overall glacier status suggests a degenerative pattern of the glacier, which is in sync with the other western Himalayan glaciers. In view of the recently amplified ice-calving events and rapid mass loss observed in the snout region, the frontal glacier morphology may change drastically in the coming years .

Automated summary

Glacier specific studies in Ladakh's relatively unexplored terrain reveal the overall shrinkage of the Kangriz glacier, increased supraglacial debris cover, reduced glacier surface velocity, and notable mass wastage. These changes are synchronous with regional warming and decreased precipitation. The study suggests a degenerative pattern of the glacier and warns of potential drastic changes in the frontal glacier morphology in the coming years.