Journal
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Volume 136, Issue -, Pages 93-129Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.01.004
Keywords
Tremor; Essential tremor; Parkinsonian tremor; Dystonic tremor; Orthostatic tremor; Holmes tremor; Palatal tremor; Myorhythmia; Cerebellar outflow tremor; Peripheral neuropathy; Functional tremor; Task-specific tremor
Categories
Funding
- Tre-mor chapters of the 2003 Handbook of Neurophysiology (Hallett, 2003)
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The various forms of tremor are now classified based on clinical characteristics and etiology. Electrophysiology, as an extension of clinical examination, is valuable in diagnosing and characterizing different types of tremor. It also plays a crucial role in understanding the pathophysiology of tremor.
The various forms of tremor are now classified in two axes: clinical characteristics (axis 1) and etiology (axis 2). Electrophysiology is an extension of the clinical exam. Electrophysiologic tests are diagnostic of physiologic tremor, primary orthostatic tremor, and functional tremor, but they are valuable in the clinical characterization of all forms of tremor. Electrophysiology will likely play an increasing role in axis 1 tremor classification because many features of tremor are not reliably assessed by clinical examination alone. In particular, electrophysiology may be needed to distinguish tremor from tremor mimics, assess tremor frequency, assess tremor rhythmicity or regularity, distinguish mechanical-reflex oscillation from central neurogenic oscillation, determine if tremors in different body parts, muscles, or brain regions are strongly correlated, document tremor suppression or entrainment by voluntary movements of contralateral body parts, and document the effects of voluntary movement on rest tremor. In addition, electrophysiologic brain mapping has been crucial in our understanding of tremor pathophysiology. The electrophysiologic methods of tremor analysis are reviewed in the context of physiologic tremor and pathologic tremors, with a focus on clinical characterization and pathophysiology. Electrophysiology is instrumental in elucidating tremor mechanisms, and the pathophysiology of the different forms of tremor is summarized in this review.(c) 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available