A global survey in the developmental landscape of possible vaccination strategies for COVID-19

The development of COVID-19 vaccines was promptly regulated to ensure the best possible approach. By January 2022, 75 candidates reached preclinical evaluation in various animal models, 114 vaccines were in clinical trials on humans, and 48 were in the final testing stages. Vaccine platforms range from whole virus vaccines to nucleic acid vaccines, which are the most promising in prompt availability and safety. The USA and Europe have approved vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) and Moderna (mRNa1273). So far, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca-University of Oxford, Sinopharm, Sinovac Biotech Gamaleya, Bharat Biotech, and Novavax have documented effective vaccines. Even with technological advances and a fast-paced development approach, many limitations and problems need to be overcome before a large-scale production of new vaccines can start. The Key is to ensure equal and fair distribution globally through regulatory measures. Recent studies link Bacillus Calmette-Gue ' rin (BCG) vaccination programs and lower disease severity.

Automated summary

The development of COVID-19 vaccines has been regulated to ensure an effective approach. Numerous vaccines have reached different stages of testing, and platforms such as nucleic acid vaccines show promise in terms of availability and safety. Approved vaccines come from various countries, and distribution is a key challenge. Additionally, research has found a potential link between the Bacillus Calmette-Gue ' rin (BCG) vaccination program and lower disease severity.