Theoretical investigation of radiative viscous hybrid nanofluid towards a permeable surface of cylinder

In this research work heat transfer performance in stratified flow of hybrid nanoliquid over permeable stretched cylinder is investigated. Heat transfer in hybrid base fluid ethylene glycol + water (C2H6O2-H2O) is investigated taking nanoparticles copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) with uniform (50%, 50%) immersion. Momentum relation is obtained in view of porosity and DarcyForchheimer effects. Energy communication is formulated considering effects of Joule heating, radiation and viscous dissipation. Furthermore, stratification impacts on thermal boundary are assimilated. The governing system of partial differential equations (PDE's) is obtained through boundary layer approximations. Suitable transformations are employed to alter the system of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODE's) and then tackled by ND solve code in MATHEMATICA package. Impact of flow regulating variables on single and hybrid nanofluid velocity and temperature is analyzed by plotting. Computational results of surface drag force and Nusselt number are tabulated and studied. Furthermore, results of single and hybrid nanofluid are compared via graphs and tables. It observed that velocity field decays via higher porosity and Hartmann variables and inertia parameter for both single and hybrid nanofluid and fluid temperature decays via Prandtl number and stratification parameter while opposite behavior is noticed in case of Eckert and Hartmann number. Summarized outcomes are emphasized at the completion.

Automated summary

This research investigates the heat transfer performance in stratified flow of hybrid nanoliquid over permeable stretched cylinder. The study focuses on heat transfer in a hybrid base fluid composed of ethylene glycol and water, with the addition of copper and alumina nanoparticles. The effects of porosity, Darcy-Forchheimer, Joule heating, radiation, viscous dissipation, and stratification on the thermal boundary are considered. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved using the ND solve code in the MATHEMATICA package. The results show that velocity field and fluid temperature decrease with increasing porosity and Hartmann variables, while they decrease with decreasing Prandtl number and stratification parameter.