Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 296, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134043
Keywords
Pine needles; Atmospheric heavy metals; Multivariate statistical analysis; Pb isotopic
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China [41503086, 31970368]
- Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) [CUGCJ1703]
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This study used pine needles as bio-samplers to monitor atmospheric pollution in cities of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Analysis showed higher heavy metal concentrations in urban areas compared to natural settings, with industrial activities and traffic sources identified as the main contributors. Risk assessment indexes indicated moderate environmental and health risks from atmospheric heavy metals in the study area.
Pine needles are reliable passive bio-samplers that can be used to monitor atmospheric pollution levels. This study applied Pb isotope and multivariate statistical analyses to pine needles to examine the characteristics, sources, and ecological risks of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in the cities of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, China. The heavy metal concentrations were higher than those measured in pine needles elsewhere in the world. They were higher in the metropolitan city (Wuhan) than in the medium-sized city (Yichang) and lowest in the natural setting (Shennongjia Forestry District), which is consistent with trends in urbanization and industrialization. Principal component analysis grouped the metals into three main sets associated with industrial activities and traffic sources. The Pb composition determined the main anthropogenic Pb sources were vehicle exhaust and industrial activities related to the lead-zinc ore, only a few of which were coal combustion. Three risk assessment indexes (pollution load index, ecological risk index, and bioconcentration factor) suggest that atmospheric heavy metals in the study area pose moderate environmental and health risks.
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