Toxicological assessment and adsorptive removal of lead (Pb) and Congo red (CR) from water by synthesized iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe3O4/AC) nanocomposite.

Heavy metals and dyes are the persistent pollutants causing harmful effects on living organisms in different ecosystems. In current study, removal of Lead (Pb) and Congo Red (CR) from water was performed using Iron oxide/Activated Carbon (Fe3O4/AC) nanocomposite. Ferromagnetic behavior of the nanocomposite is the crucial advantage in separation of nanocomposite after biosorption process. The biosorbent was thermally stable till 800 degrees C of temperature. The synthesized biosorbent was polycrystalline in nature comprising of elements like C, O, Fe. The influence of various experimental conditions was optimized through batch study with the biosorption capacity of 144.92 mg/g (Pb) and 122.22 mg/g (CR) at pH 5-6, Fe3O4/AC dosage (0.04 g) for 40 mg/L of Pb and CR. Toxicological assessment was performed using Danio rerio and seeds to evaluate the harmful effects of pollutants on these organisms. The phytotoxicity results revealed that growth inhibition of seeds lies between 85.64% and 55.92% (Pb) and 77.94%-51.85% (CR). The LC50 value of Pb on the Danio rerio was found to be 20.98 mg/L. In contrast, we observed significant increase in LC50 value about 86.82 mg/L after biosorption of Pb onto biosorbent.

Automated summary

In this study, Lead (Pb) and Congo Red (CR) were successfully removed from water using Iron oxide/Activated Carbon (Fe3O4/AC) nanocomposite. The ferromagnetic behavior of the nanocomposite facilitated the separation process. The optimized experimental conditions resulted in high adsorption capacity. Toxicological assessment using Danio rerio and seeds revealed significant harmful effects of the pollutants on these organisms.