Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 437, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.135264
Keywords
Electrochemical oxidation; O-1(2); Persulfate; Ciprofloxacin; Reactive oxidation species
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science of China [51808360, 52170089]
- China Postdoctoral Science [2018M640917]
- Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau [2019-GH02-00053-HZ]
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In this study, a novel iron-decorated carbon membrane cathode and SnO2-Bi/Ti anode were used for the electrochemical activation of persulfate. The FeCM cathode showed superior CIP removal due to the presence of C = O, Fe2+/Fe3+, and F on its surface. The continuous supply of negative charges enabled rapid redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ on the FeCM cathode, providing high stability and improved cyclic performance. The technology showed potential for outdoor application and the mechanism and pathways of CIP removal were proposed.
In this work, electrochemical activation of persulfate (E-PS) for the energy efficient treatment of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was performed using a novel iron-decorated carbon membrane (FeCM) cathode and SnO2-Bi/Ti anode. Synergistic effect of electrochemical oxidation and PS activation resulted in superior CIP removal. The FeCM cathode outperforms various cathodes (Pt, Ti, graphite, and stainless steel), owing to the existence of C = O, Fe2+/Fe3+, and F on FeCM, which can facilitate O-1(2) generation and utilization in the E-PS system. Moreover, the continuous supply of negative charges endows rapid redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ on FeCM cathode, which not only prevents iron leaching, but also reduces the consumption of active sites, and thus, enables FeCM with high stability over a wide pH range and improved cyclic performance. The potential of E-FeCM-PS for outdoor application were evaluated by removing various persistent organic pollutants, and treating actual hospital effluent. The CIP removal mechanism in the E-FeCM-PS process and the possible CIP degradation pathways were proposed. Overall, this work provides a plausible route for the continuous production of O-1(2) for effective abatement of organic contaminants via electro-activation of PS and gives an insight into the intrinsic role of iron doped carbon membrane for persulfate cathodic activation.
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