Journal
CARBON
Volume 188, Issue -, Pages 393-400Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.032
Keywords
Nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles; Neutron irradiation; Electron irradiation; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Relaxation time; Electron-nuclear double resonance
Funding
- Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) [K137852, FK 125 063, 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00 001]
- Ministry of Innovation and Technology via NKFIH
- National Excellence Program (NKFIH Grant) [129 866]
- European Comission [820 394]
- EU QuantERA [127 889]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [2040520, CHE-2004 252]
- Quantum Information Science program in the Division of Physics
- Innovation and Technology Ecosystems
- Dir for Tech, Innovation, & Partnerships [2040520] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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High concentration of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centers was successfully created in diamond single crystals containing approximately 100 ppm nitrogen using electron and neutron irradiation and subsequent thermal annealing. The formation process and properties of NV- centers were observed, with about 25% of vacancies forming NVs during the annealing process, and high precision measurement of hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants was achieved using EPR techniques.
High concentration of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centers was created in diamond single crystals containing approximately 100 ppm nitrogen using electron and neutron irradiation and sub-sequent thermal annealing in a stepwise manner. Continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to determine the transformation efficiency from isolated N atoms to NV- centers in each production step and its highest value was as high as 17.5%. Charged vacancies are formed after electron irradiation as shown by EPR spectra, but the thermal annealing restores the sample quality as the defect signal diminishes. We find that about 25% of the vacancies form NVs during the annealing process. The large NV- concentration allows observing orientation dependent spin-relaxation times and also deter-mining the hyperfine and quadrupole coupling constants with high precision using electron spin echo (ESE) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR). We also observed the EPR signal associated with the so-called W16 centers, whose spectroscopic properties might imply a nitrogen dimer-vacancy center for its origin. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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