Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 535, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215661
Keywords
Oncolytic virus; TRAIL; CD40L; Antitumor immunity
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Funding
- National Natural Science Founda-tion of China [32071466, 81673002]
- Project in the Sci-ence & Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province [20190304034YY]
- Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team [2017TD-05]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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This study investigates the mechanism of using oncolytic adenoviruses for tumor immunotherapy and demonstrates that combination treatment with CD40 ligand can enhance the antitumor activity of oncolytic adenoviruses.
The immune status of the tumor microenvironment is a key indicator determining the antitumor effect of immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses directly target tumor cells or indirectly modulate the tumor microenviron-ment (TME) especially when properly armed. It was previously demonstrated that conditionally replicating adenovirus serotype 5 (CRAd5) encoding tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) had outstanding antitumor effects in different human cancer cells xenograft models; however, its antitumor immune mechanism has not been evaluated in immunocompetent preclinical mouse models. We first explored the antitumor activity of CRAd5-TRAIL in several murine tumor models and found that the expression of TRAIL induced increases or activation in tumor-infiltrating T cells. To further improve the antitumor effects, mouse CD40 ligand (mCD40L) as an immune activator expressed by recombinant Ad5 vector was firstly used in com-bination with CRAd5-TRAIL for tumor immunotherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that mCD40L effectively activated dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and tumor-infiltrating T cells, and also promoted tumor cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of TRAIL receptors, thereby significantly enhancing the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic adenoviruses in CT26 and B16 tumor-bearing models. Although affected by the re-striction of oncolytic adenovirus replication in mouse cells, the combination treatment failed to completely eliminate tumor cells, our research still provided a promising strategy for oncolytic adenovirus-mediated solid tumor immunotherapy.
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