4.4 Article

First juvenile chum salmon confirms successful reproduction for Pacific salmon in the North American Arctic

Journal

Publisher

CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING
DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2022-0006

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Funding

  1. US Geological Survey Outer Continental Shelf Program
  2. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
  3. Alaska Department of Fish and Game
  4. Fisheries and Oceans Canada

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This study provides new evidence of the distribution of Pacific salmon in the North American Arctic, confirming the presence of juvenile chum salmon in the nearshore marine ecosystem. It contributes critical information for biodiversity conservation and the potential development of fisheries in the region due to climate warming.
The distributional extent of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the North American Arctic is unresolved. While adult Pacific salmon have a recurring presence across the Alaskan North Slope and into the Canadian Arctic, it is uncertain if these fish are part of established Arctic populations, vagrants from outside sources reproducing unsuccessfully, or both. Here we present the first confirmed record of a juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) captured in the nearshore marine ecosystem in the North American Arctic. This provides the first scientific evidence of successful spawning and early marine survival of Pacific salmon in the North American Arctic. It was caught near Kaktovik, Alaska, in August 2017 with a group of similarly sized age-0 Mackenzie River Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis). Stable isotope and otolith microchemistry analyses are consistent with use of the nearshore estuarine corridor from the Mackenzie River west along the northern coast. This contributes critical information needed to identify, manage, and conserve biodiversity at the northern range edge and will help to clarify the status of Pacific salmon as potentially emerging fisheries develop in the North American Arctic due to climate warming. Resume : L'ampleur de l'aire de repartition des saumons du Pacifique (Oncorhynchus spp.) dans l'Arctique nord-americain est une question non resolue. S'il y a une presence recurrente de saumons du Pacifique adultes dans toute la North Slope de l'Alaska et dans l'Arctique canadien, il n'est pas etabli avec certitude si ces poissons font partie de populations arctiques etablies, s'ils sont des vagabonds de sources externes qui ne se reproduisent pas avec succes, ou les deux. Nous presentons le premier signalement confirme d'un saumon keta (Oncorhynchus keta) juvenile capture dans l'ecosysteme marin cotier de mer d'un saumon du Pacifique dans l'Arctique nord-americain. Le saumon a ete peche pres de Kaktovik (Alaska) en aout 2017 avec un groupe de ciscos arctiques (Coregonus autumnalis) du fleuve Mackenzie de moins d'un an de taille semblable. Des analyses d'isotopes stables et de microchimie des otolithes concordent avec l'utilisation d'un couloir estuarien littoral ont a preciser le statut des saumons du Pacifique etant donne l'emergence potentielle de nouvelles peches dans l'Arctique nord-americain en raison du rechauffement climatique. [Traduit par la Redaction]

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