Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 200, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113904
Keywords
Electrochemistry; Wearables; Health; Non-invasive devices; Essential metals; Heavy metals
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Wearable analytical devices are the future of health monitoring, offering fast, decentralized, and human-centered solutions. Recent achievements focus on real-time, non-invasive monitoring of essential and toxic metals in bodily fluids.
Wearable analytical devices represent the future for fast, de-centralized, and human-centered health monitoring. Electrochemistry-based platforms have been highlighted as the role model for future developments amid diverse strategies and transduction technologies. Among the various relevant analytes to be real-time and non-invasively monitored in bodily fluids, we review the latest wearable achievements towards determining essential and toxic metals. On-skin measurements represent an excellent possibility for humankind: real-time monitoring, digital/ fast communication with specialists, quick interventions, removing barriers in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the achievements over the last 5 years in non-invasive electrochemical platforms, providing a comprehensive table for quick visualizing the diverse sensing/technological advances. In the final section, challenges and future perspectives about wearables are deeply discussed.
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