Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 61, Issue 34, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205003
Keywords
Ball Milling; Cross-Coupling; Direct Mechanocatalysis; Mechanochemistry; Transition-Metal Catalysis
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [948521]
- Projekt DEAL
- European Research Council (ERC) [948521] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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This study achieved the molecular Suzuki cross-coupling reaction mechanochemically, without solvents, ligands, or catalyst powders. By using a catalytically active palladium milling ball, products were formed in quantitative yield in as little as 30 min. The adjustment of milling parameters eliminated abrasion from the catalyst ball and allowed for systematic catalyst analysis for the first time.
The molecular Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was conducted mechanochemically, without solvents, ligands, or catalyst powders. Utilizing one catalytically active palladium milling ball, products could be formed in quantitative yield in as little as 30 min. In contrast to previous reports, the adjustment of milling parameters led to the complete elimination of abrasion from the catalyst ball, thus enabling the first reported systematic catalyst analysis. XPS, in situ XRD, and reference experiments provided evidence that the milling ball surface was the location of the catalysis, allowing a mechanism to be proposed. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by extending the substrate scope to deactivated and even sterically hindered aryl iodides and bromides.
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