A Symmetry-Based Kinematic Theory for Nanocrystal Morphology Design

The growth of crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) generally involves three processes: nucleation, growth, and shape evolution. Among them, the shape evolution is less understood, despite the importance of morphology for NP properties. Here, we propose a symmetry-based kinematic theory (SBKT) based on classical growth theories to illustrate the process. Based on the crystal lattice, nucleus (or seed) symmetry, and the preferential growth directions under the experimental conditions, the SBKT can illustrate the growth trajectories. The theory accommodates the conventional criteria of the major existing theories for crystal growth and provides tools to better understand the symmetry-breaking process during the growth of anisotropic structures. Furthermore, complex dendritic growth is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. Thus, it provides a framework to explain the shape evolution, and extends the morphogenesis prediction to cases, which cannot be treated by other theories.

Automated summary

The article introduces the shape evolution process of crystalline nanoparticles and proposes a symmetry-based kinematic theory to explain the process. The theory provides a better understanding of the symmetry-breaking process during the growth of anisotropic structures and extends the scope of morphogenesis prediction.