Characterization of Calcium Oxide Treated Lead-Lead Dioxide Vitroceramics from Recycled Automobile Batteries by X-Ray Diffraction, Infrared and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, and Voltammetry

Today the number of automobiles is increasing, and hence, the demand for lead-acid batteries is enhanced. Improvements regarding reusable car batteries implies the elimination of disadvantages of the traditional recycling methods. The purpose of this work is: (i) to recycle the spent plates from a car battery with high wear by an eco-innovative method and (ii) to characterize the prepared materials and to characterize their electrochemical performance for new electrodes for batteries. The prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The results show that following the addition of calcium ions into the lead-lead dioxide recycled matrix and the formation of Ca-3(SO3)(2)SO4 crystalline phase were evident. These results suggest that no emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere.

Automated summary

With the increasing number of automobiles, the demand for lead-acid batteries has also increased. This study aims to recycle worn-out car battery plates using an eco-innovative method and characterizes the prepared materials and their electrochemical performance for new battery electrodes. The results show that adding calcium ions can reduce sulfur oxide emissions.