Treatments of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Light at the End of the Tunnel

Article Critical Care Medicine

An All-Oral 6-Month Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (the NExT Study)

Aliasgar Esmail et al.

Summary: The study explored the effectiveness of a new all-oral regimen compared to a standard injectable-based regimen for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The all-oral regimen showed significantly improved treatment outcomes but had a higher incidence of drug toxicity. These findings provide important insights for the development of future treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Assessment of epidemiological and genetic characteristics and clinical outcomes of resistance to bedaquiline in patients treated for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Nazir Ahmed Ismail et al.

Summary: Analysis of data from South Africa showed a high prevalence of bedaquiline resistance, mainly associated with previous exposure to bedaquiline or clofazimine, rifampicin-resistant or MDR tuberculosis. Development of resistance led to poorer treatment outcomes.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Early Bactericidal Activity of Meropenem plus Clavulanate (with or without Rifampin) for Tuberculosis The COMRADE Randomized, Phase 2A Clinical Trial

Veronique De Jager et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of meropenem, with or without rifampin, in the treatment of tuberculosis. The study found that a total daily dose of 6 g of meropenem had stronger bactericidal activity compared to a lower dose of 3 g. However, the tolerability of intravenous meropenem was poor, raising concerns about its utility in second-line regimens.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Emergence of bedaquiline resistance in a high tuberculosis burden country

Elena Chesov et al.

Summary: This study analyzed pre-existing and emerging bedaquiline resistance in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), as well as risk factors associated with treatment failure and death. The findings showed that bedaquiline-based MDR-TB treatment requires a functional background regimen to achieve high cure rates and prevent the evolution of bedaquiline resistance.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

World Health Organization recommendations on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2020 update

Fuad Mirzayev et al.

Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global public health issue, as is the challenge posed by drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. The World Health Organization has recently updated their guidelines for the treatment of MDR and RR TB, recommending shorter, all-oral regimens and emphasizing the importance of individualized treatment plans.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Editorial Material Respiratory System

New definitions of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: update from the World Health Organization

Kerri Viney et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator at year 10: what have we learned?

Bree B. Aldridge et al.

Summary: The Tuberculosis Drug Accelerator has successfully facilitated collaboration in tuberculosis drug discovery, breaking down barriers among competing labs and institutions. The achievements, advantages, and limitations of the consortium suggest that similar models could be applied to research on other diseases.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal