Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac042
Keywords
COVID-19; household; infectious disease transmission; physical distancing; SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; vaccine effectiveness
Categories
Funding
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Investissement d'Avenir program
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program [ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID]
- National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-20-COVI-0018]
- Haute Autorite de Sante (HAS)
- INCEPTION project [PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [RECOVER 101003589, VEO 874735]
- AXA
- Groupama
- EMERGEN project [ANRS0151]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-20-COVI-0018] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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This study evaluated the impact of isolation and vaccination on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within Israeli households. The results showed that vaccination reduced the risk of infection and transmission, while isolation also led to important reductions in transmission risk.
Several studies have characterized the effectiveness of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. However, estimates of their impact on transmissibility remain limited. Here, we evaluated the impact of isolation and vaccination (7 days after the second dose) on SARS-CoV-2 transmission within Israeli households. From December 2020 to April 2021, confirmed cases were identified among health-care workers of the Sheba Medical Centre and their family members. Recruited households were followed up with repeated PCR for at least 10 days after case confirmation. Data were analyzed using a data augmentation Bayesian framework. A total of 210 households with 215 index cases were enrolled; 269 out of 667 (40%) susceptible household contacts developed a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those, 170 (63%) developed symptoms. Compared with unvaccinated and unisolated adult/teenager (aged >12 years) contacts, vaccination reduced the risk of infection among unisolated adult/teenager contacts (relative risk (RR) = 0.21, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.08, 0.44), and isolation reduced the risk of infection among unvaccinated adult/teenager (RR = 0.12, 95% CrI: 0.06, 0.21) and child contacts (RR = 0.17, 95% CrI: 0.08, 0.32). Infectivity was reduced in vaccinated cases (RR = 0.25, 95% CrI: 0.06, 0.77). Within households, vaccination reduces both the risk of infection and of transmission if infected. When contacts were unvaccinated, isolation also led to important reductions in the risk of transmission.
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