Journal
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 710-722Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2022.05.022
Keywords
Mid-latitude spread F; Latitudinal variation; Solar activity; Travelling ionospheric disturbances
Categories
Funding
- project Retrospective modelling and prediction of Ionospheric weather - Republic of Cyprus [BILATERAL/RUSSIA(RFBR)/1118/0004]
- European Regional Development Fund (through the 'Bilateral Collaborations' RESTART 2016-2020 Programme for Research, Technological Development and Innovation)
- RFBR, Russia [19-52-25001_Kipr_a]
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This paper investigates the latitude effect on the diurnal and seasonal occurrence rate of mid-latitude spread F over two stations and finds significant differences in spread F occurrence characteristics, suggesting that higher and lower mid-latitude stations over European latitudes are governed by different underlying mechanisms.
Mid-latitude spread F has been investigated in past studies, mostly over the Southern Hemisphere. It has been correlated with geomagnetic activity, travelling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and F region uplifts, with Perkins instability proposed as the primary seeding mechanism. In this paper, we focus on the latitude effect on the diurnal and seasonal occurrence rate of mid-latitude spread F over the two stations of Nicosia (geographic Lat: 35.29 degrees N, Long: 33.38 degrees E) and Moscow (geographic Lat: 55.50 degrees N, Long: 37.30 degrees E) that reside over the same longitude sector. The period of investigation encompasses a full solar cycle extending from 2009 to 2020. We observe remarkable differences in spread F occurrence characteristics over the two stations both seasonally and diurnally, emphasizing the fact that higher and lower mid-latitude stations over European latitudes are governed by different underlying mechanisms that give rise to spread F events. (C) 2022 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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