4.8 Article

Combinatorial Polyacrylamide Hydrogels for Preventing Biofouling on Implantable Biosensors

Journal

ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 34, Issue 24, Pages -

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109764

Keywords

antifouling; biosensors; hydrogels; implanted devices; polyacrylamide

Funding

  1. NIDDK [R01DK119254]
  2. Department of Defense
  3. Air Force Office of Scientific Research
  4. National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (ND-SEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a, FA9550-11-C-0028]
  5. Stanford Bio-X Interdisciplinary Initiative Program Round 8 (2016) Seed Grant
  6. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [796557 INMARE]
  7. National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542152]

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In this study, a combinatorial library of polyacrylamide-based copolymer hydrogels was created to discover and evaluate novel anti-biofouling materials. It was found that certain nonintuitive copolymer compositions exhibit superior anti-biofouling properties over current gold-standard materials.
Biofouling on the surface of implanted medical devices and biosensors severely hinders device functionality and drastically shortens device lifetime. Poly(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers are currently considered gold-standard device coatings to reduce biofouling. To discover novel anti-biofouling materials, a combinatorial library of polyacrylamide-based copolymer hydrogels is created, and their ability is screened to prevent fouling from serum and platelet-rich plasma in a high-throughput parallel assay. It is found that certain nonintuitive copolymer compositions exhibit superior anti-biofouling properties over current gold-standard materials, and machine learning is used to identify key molecular features underpinning their performance. For validation, the surfaces of electrochemical biosensors are coated with hydrogels and their anti-biofouling performance in vitro and in vivo in rodent models is evaluated. The copolymer hydrogels preserve device function and enable continuous measurements of a small-molecule drug in vivo better than gold-standard coatings. The novel methodology described enables the discovery of anti-biofouling materials that can extend the lifetime of real-time in vivo sensing devices.

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