Journal
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
Volume 62, Issue 4, Pages 173-202Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09506608.2016.1240914
Keywords
Supercapattery; supercapacitor; capacitive and non-capacitive faradaic processes; nanocomposite; organoaqueous and non aqueous electrolytes; device engineering
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Funding
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J000582/1, GR/R68078/02, GR/R68078/01]
- Royal Society (Braine Mercer Feasibility Award)
- MOSTI, E.ON AG (Energy Storage)
- China Scholarship Council
- Season Long Cleantech Ltd (Beijing)
- Ningbo Municipal People's Government (3315 Plan)
- Ningbo Municipal People's Government (IAMET Special Fund) [2014A350011]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [GR/R68078/02, EP/J000582/1, EP/F026412/1, GR/R68078/01] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/J000582/1, EP/F026412/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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This article reviews critically selected recent literature on electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies, focusing on supercapacitor and also supercapattery which is a generic term for various hybrid devices combining the merits of rechargeable battery and supercapacitor. Fundamentals of EES are explained, aiming at clarification of some literature confusions such as the differences between capacitive and non-capacitive Faradaic charge storage mechanisms, and between cathode and positive electrode (positrode), and between anode and negative electrode (negatrode). In particular, the concept and origin of pseudocapacitance are qualitatively correlated with the band model for semiconductors. Strategies for design and construction of supercapattery are discussed in terms of both the materials structures and device engineering. Selection of materials, including electrolytes, is another topic reviewed selectively. Graphenes and carbon nanotubes are the favourable choice to composite with both capacitive and non-capacitive redox materials for improved kinetics of charge storage processes and charge-discharge cycling stability. Organoaqueous electrolytes show a great potential to enable EES to work at sub-zero temperatures, while solid ion conducting membranes and ionic liquids can help develop high voltage (>4.0 V) and hence high energy supercapatteries.
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