Journal
ANATOMY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue 4, Pages 465-478Publisher
MEDRANG
DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.105
Keywords
Hesperidin; Retina; Type I diabetes mellitus; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Categories
Funding
- Unit of Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
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Hesperidin supplementation with insulin significantly improved retinal histological changes in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus, reducing malondialdehyde levels and increasing serum antioxidant markers.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are vulnerable to developing diabetic retinopathy even under insulin therapy. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hesperidin and insulin in rats with T1DM compared with insulin alone in improving diabetic retinal changes. Eighty rats were divided into four equal groups: group I, control rats without diabetes; group II, untreated rats with diabetes; group III, rats with diabetes treated daily with subcutaneous (SC) doses of long-acting insulin; and group IV, a rat with diabetes in which hesperidin was orally administered with SC insulin. The animals were assessed histologically, morphometrically, and biochemically. In group II, the thickness of all retinal layers decreased histologically. Ultrastructurally, degenerated retinal neurons and congested blood vessels were observed. Immunostaining detected elevated gene expression of advanced glycation end products. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were elevated. In this study, hesperidin supplementation with insulin significantly improved the retinal histological changes, supported by morphometric findings, compared with insulin alone. Moreover, treatment with hesperidin significantly reduced malondialdehyde and elevated serum antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase and catalase; furthermore, glutathione peroxidase decreased. Hesperidin might be an effective supplement for improving diabetic retinal complications occurring even with insulin treatment.
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