Journal
JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION
Volume 26, Issue 4, Pages 224-236Publisher
KOREAN SOC CANCER PREVENTION
DOI: 10.15430/JCP.2021.26.4.224
Keywords
Ketogenic diet; Warburg effect; Caloric restriction mimetics; Tumor microenvironment; Drug therapy
Categories
Funding
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC, Milan, Italy) [24094]
- Universita degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale
- Universita degli Studi Magna Graecia (Catanzaro, Italy)
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR, Rome, Italy)
- Associazione per la Ricerca Medica Ippocrate-Rhazi (ARM-IR, Novara, Italy)
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Cancer remains a significant health problem worldwide despite efforts to find new and more effective treatments. Calorie restriction, as well as caloric restriction mimetics, are being explored as potential interventions for preventing or slowing down cancer progression. Research shows that reducing calorie intake through dietary adjustments can impact tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, leading to reduced growth and progression of cancer.
Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases, and despite the continuous efforts in searching for new and more effective treatments, its morbidity and mortality remain a significant health problem worldwide. Calorie restriction, a dietary manipulation that consists in a reduction of the calorie intake, is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant intervention for preventing and/ or fighting cancer. Several forms of energy reduction intake, which includes caloric restriction tout-court, dietary restrictions, and intermittent fasting, are being explored for their ability to prevent or slow down cancer progression. Additionally, another anti-cancer approach being under investigation relies on the use of nutraceuticals known as Caloric Restriction Mimetics that can provide caloric restriction-mediated benefits without subjecting the patients to a strict diet. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that diet modifiers reducing the calorie have impact on tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, resulting in reduced growth and progression of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies show that patients subjected to a reduced nutrient/energy intake experience improved outcomes from chemo- and radiotherapy while better tolerating the side effects. Here, we review the state of the art on the therapeutic potential of calorie restriction and of caloric restriction mimetics in preventing or retarding tumor development by modulating a subset of cellular processes. The most recent clinical progresses with caloric restriction mimetics in the clinical practice are also discussed.
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