Journal
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab135
Keywords
food security; COVID-19; survey sampling; food insecurity; high-risk
Categories
Funding
- COVID-19 seed grant from the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University
- College of Health and Human Sciences, San Jose State University
- College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, DePaul University
- Connecticut: Stop Shop
- Hunger to Health Collaboratory (H2HC)
- University of Maine School of Food and Agriculture
- George J. Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
- Massachusetts: Stop Shop
- Wayne State University faculty startup funds
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University
- college's COVID-19 seed grant
- university's Investigator Research Funds
- University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Rapid COVID-19 seed grant
- University of Vermont
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
- Agricultural Research Service Food Systems Research Center
- University of Colorado Natural Hazards Center, Quick Response Grant
- National Science Foundation [1635593]
- Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research
- UAlbany President's COVID-19 Minority Health Disparities Engaged Researchers Seed Funding Program
- Cornell Atkinson Center COVID-19 Rapid Response Fund award
- Utah Create Better Health Program
- Utah State University Extension
- Utah Department of Workforce Services
- University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
- University of Vermont Office of the Vice President of Research
- Gund Institute for Environment
- University of Vermont Agricultural Research Service Food Systems Research Center
- University of Washington Population Health Initiative (UWPHI)
- University of Washington School of Public Health (UWSPH)
- Department of Epidemiology
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This study shows a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the US since the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in surveys targeting high-risk populations. Certain demographic groups, such as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color, households with children, and those with job disruptions, are at higher risk of food insecurity. The variability in estimates is reported due to the differences in survey implementation methods.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly affected food systems including food security. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food security is important to provide support and identify long-term impacts and needs. Objective: The National Food Access and COVID research Team (NFACT) was formed to assess food security over different US study sites throughout the pandemic, using common instruments and measurements. This study presents results from 18 study sites across 15 states and nationally over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A validated survey instrument was developed and implemented in whole or part through an online survey of adults across the sites throughout the first year of the pandemic, representing 22 separate surveys. Sampling methods for each study site were convenience, representative, or high-risk targeted. Food security was measured using the USDA 6-item module. Food security prevalence was analyzed using ANOVA by sampling method to assess statistically significant differences. Results: Respondents (n = 27,168) indicate higher prevalence of food insecurity (low or very low food security) since the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with before the pandemic. In nearly all study sites, there is a higher prevalence of food insecurity among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), households with children, and those with job disruptions. The findings demonstrate lingering food insecurity, with high prevalence over time in sites with repeat cross-sectional surveys. There are no statistically significant differences between convenience and representative surveys, but a statistically higher prevalence of food insecurity among high-risk compared with convenience surveys. Conclusions: This comprehensive study demonstrates a higher prevalence of food insecurity in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. These impacts were prevalent for certain demographic groups, and most pronounced for surveys targeting high-risk populations. Results especially document the continued high levels of food insecurity, as well as the variability in estimates due to the survey implementation method.
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