Assessment of clinical and ultrasonographic parameters as indicators for buccal fat pad excision by esthetic reasons

Purpose The selection of candidates for buccal fat pad (BFP) removal depends on the patient's requirements, the subjective surgeons' evaluation, and objective clinical factors. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify objective clinical and ultrasonographic parameters as indicators of cheek contouring with BFP excision. Methods Sixty-six patients with cheek fullness complaints were examined by two experienced surgeons to determine if they were good candidates for the procedure. Thereafter, participants underwent clinical and ultrasonographic assessments in a separate session to aid in the surgical decision-making. The association between the clinical judgment for BFP excision and the study variables was analyzed individually and adjusted for confounders using binary logistic regression and grouping analyses. Results Forty-nine participants were regarded as suitable and 17 as non-suitable for the procedure. After regression analysis, cheek skin-fold thickness > 6.00 mm, midfacial contour > 2.20 mm, ovoid/triangular facial form, and ultrasonographic BFP volume > 2.05 mL remained as robust individual indicators for the suitability for the procedure. However, the grouping analysis showed that patients having three-to-four significant criteria synchronously had significantly higher odds for eligibility with excellent discrimination capability. Conclusion Although high values of cheek skin-fold thickness, midfacial contour, and ultrasonographic BFP volume, as well as an ovoid/triangular facial form, might be robust indicators for the suitability for BFP excision, the surgical decisionmaking should not be based on isolated parameters. Instead, those patients possessing a combination of at least three of these specific eligibility criteria above the threshold value might be considered the best candidates for the procedure.

Automated summary

This study aimed to identify objective clinical and ultrasonographic parameters for the selection of candidates for buccal fat pad (BFP) removal. The results showed that cheek skin-fold thickness, midfacial contour, ultrasonographic BFP volume, and facial form could be robust indicators for the suitability for the procedure. It is recommended to consider a combination of at least three of these criteria for surgical decision-making.