Journal
JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 88, Issue -, Pages 68-84Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.08.002
Keywords
Behavior management; Intervention; Randomized trial; Growth curve; Multilvariate multilevel modeling; Bayes factor
Categories
Funding
- Education Endowment Foundation
- National Institute for Health Research [14/52/38]
- Economic and Social Research Council
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This study examined the impact of the Good Behavior Game on children's developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior, concentration problems, and prosocial behavior, finding that the game reduced concentration problems over time and improved prosocial behavior among at-risk children. However, no clear intervention effects were found in relation to disruptive behavior.
This cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the impact of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on children's developmental trajectories of disruptive behavior, concentration problems, and prosocial behavior from middle childhood (ages 6-7 years) to early adolescence (ages 10-11 years). Seventy-seven schools in England were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Allocation was balanced by school size and the proportion of children eligible for free school meals. Children (N = 3084) ages 6-7 years at baseline were the target cohort. Outcome measures, assessed via the Teacher Observation of Child Adaptation Checklist, were taken prior to randomization (baseline - Time 1) and annually for the next 4 years (Time 2 to Time 5). During the 2-year main trial period (Time 1 to Time 3), teachers of this cohort in intervention schools implemented the GBG, whereas their counterparts in the control group continued their usual practice. A multivariate multilevel non-linear growth curve model indicated that the GBG reduced concentration problems over time. In addition, the model also revealed that the intervention improved prosocial behavior among at-risk children (e.g., those with elevated symptoms of conduct problems at Time 1, n = 485). No intervention effects were unequivocally found in relation to disruptive behavior. These findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature, strengths and limitations are noted, and practical and methodological implications are highlighted.
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