Comparative Bureaucratic Politics

This article discusses one of the most important institutions in the modern world, namely public bureaucracies, from a comparative perspective. Bureaucratic organizations can be seen as a result of handling dilemmas along two critical dimensions. The first dimension concerns whether bureaucrats should be autonomous or, on the contrary, directly accountable to their political masters. The second dimension is about whether bureaucrats should always be guided by the letter of the law, strictly following established rules, or, on the contrary, guided by the principle of management, searching for the most efficient solution. We review the extensive recent research on the effects of different ways of organizing public bureaucracies along these two dimensions. Specifically, we look at three fundamental outcomes: economic development, corruption, and the quality of public services. We conclude by discussing the pros and cons of the four types of bureaucracies-legalistic (accountability and law), populistic (accountability and management), Weberian (autonomy and law), and liberal (autonomy and management)-and how they relate to, but do not overlap with, the concept of administrative traditions.

Automated summary

This article discusses the significance of public bureaucracies in the modern world from a comparative perspective. It highlights the dilemmas faced by bureaucratic organizations in terms of autonomy and accountability, and adherence to established rules or management principles. The effects of different organizational approaches on economic development, corruption, and the quality of public services are examined. The article concludes by exploring the pros and cons of four types of bureaucracies and their relationship with administrative traditions.