Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue -, Pages 254-259Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.003
Keywords
Direct reciprocity; Indirect reciprocity; Cooperation; Prosocial behavior; Review
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [785635]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71901028]
- European Research Council (ERC) [785635] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Prosocial behavior can be promoted through proximate psychological mechanisms related to direct and indirect reciprocity, including reputational concern, expectations, and anticipation of future interaction. Adopting a reciprocity framework allows for a better understanding of human cooperation and opens up numerous avenues for future research.
Direct and indirect reciprocity are two fundamental mechanisms that promote prosocial behavior within groups and across societies. Here, we review recent work that illustrates how a (direct and indirect) reciprocity framework can illuminate our understanding of several factors related to prosocial behavior - namely group membership, gossip, and third-party punishment. We propose that each of these factors can promote prosocial behavior via proximate psychological mechanisms related to direct and indirect reciprocity: reputational concern, expectations, and anticipation of future interaction. Finally, we discuss the implications of adopting such a framework and highlight a number of avenues for future research.
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