Journal
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC REVIEW
Volume 140, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103923
Keywords
COVID-19; Poverty; Mortality inequality; Labor market; Housing conditions
Categories
Funding
- EUR (Ecoles Universitaires de Recherche, Paris Graduate School of Economics) [ANR-17-EURE-0001]
- Labor Chair at PSE
- LABEX OSE-ouvrir la Science Economique
- Cepremap
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Research in France has found a negative relationship between income and excess mortality at the municipality level, with the poorest areas experiencing a higher increase in mortality. The study rules out an independent contribution of lockdown policies to this unequal impact.
Mortality inequalities remain substantial in many countries, and large shocks such as pandemics could amplify them further. The unequal distribution of COVID-19 confirmed cases suggests that this is the case. Yet, evidence on the causal effect of the epidemic on mortality inequalities remains scarce. In this paper, we exploit exhaustive municipality-level data in France, one of the most severely hit country in the world, to identify a negative relationship between income and excess mortality within urban areas, that persists over COVID-19 waves. Over the year 2020, the poorest municipalities experienced a 30% higher increase in excess mortality. Our analyses can rule out an independent contribution of lockdown policies to this heterogeneous impact. Finally, we find evidence that both labor-market exposure and housing conditions are major determinants of the epidemic-induced effects of COVID-19 on mortality inequalities, but that their respective role depends on the state of the epidemic.
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